New Study Reveals Screen Time’s Impact on Toddlers’ Language Development: Fewer Words, Fewer Conversations
A groundbreaking study has uncovered that for every minute of screen time toddlers are exposed to at home, they hear significantly fewer adult words, make fewer vocalizations, and engage in fewer back-and-forth conversations with their parents. These findings shed new light on the critical relationship between technology use and early language development in children.
Led by Dr. Mary Brushe, Senior Research Officer at The Kids Research Institute Australia, the study tracked 220 Australian families over a two-and-a-half-year period to explore the effects of family screen use on toddlers’ language environments. This first-of-its-kind research, conducted as part of Dr. Brushe’s PhD with the University of Adelaide, provides important insights into how excessive screen time can interfere with critical developmental milestones in young children.
Using cutting-edge, Fitbit-like devices, researchers monitored the amount of electronic noise and parent-child communication surrounding children aged 12 to 36 months. This included tracking sounds generated by screens being used by both parents and children, allowing researchers to gather precise data on how technology influences early speech and language development.
In total, more than 7,000 hours of audio were analyzed to determine how much screen time toddlers were exposed to versus other types of electronic noise in their environment. The results were clear: the more screen time toddlers experienced, the fewer opportunities they had for meaningful interactions with their caregivers—interactions that are vital for learning to talk.
“We set out to understand how screen time impacts children during the early years when language development is most critical. This study shows that screen exposure may be hindering the amount of language these toddlers hear and engage with in their homes,” said Dr. Brushe.
The findings, published in The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Pediatrics, highlight the concerning effects of what researchers call ‘technoference.’ Technoference refers to the way in which technology, particularly screen use, disrupts parent-child interactions, creating fewer opportunities for verbal exchanges that foster language development.
The impact of screen time was most pronounced in children around 36 months of age. According to the study, just one minute of screen time led to a reduction of seven adult words, five fewer child vocalizations, and one less conversational turn. For toddlers exposed to one hour of screen time each day, this amounts to missing out on roughly 397 adult words, 294 child vocalizations, and 68 conversation turns every single day.
Disturbingly, the average screen time for toddlers in the study at 36 months was 172 minutes per day—nearly three hours. This means these children could be missing out on an estimated 1,139 adult words, 843 vocalizations, and 194 conversational turns per day. The implications for their language development are profound.
Dr. Brushe emphasized that these figures may actually underestimate the problem, as they do not account for silent screen activities by parents, such as texting, checking emails, or scrolling through social media. “If anything, we’ve probably underestimated how much screen usage—and the associated technoference—is happening around young children,” she added.
The study underscores the importance of reducing screen time, not just for toddlers but for parents as well, to ensure that children are exposed to rich language experiences in their early years. Numerous studies, including this one, have shown that early language development is directly linked to future academic success, social skills, and cognitive abilities.
What Can Parents Do?
Parents can take simple but effective steps to limit screen time and foster language development in their toddlers:
- Create screen-free zones and times: Set aside daily periods where screens are off, especially during meals and family activities.
- Engage in back-and-forth conversations: Encourage dialogue by asking open-ended questions, narrating activities, and expanding on your child’s words.
- Read aloud: Storytime offers invaluable opportunities for language development and bonding.
- Model limited screen use: Be mindful of your own screen habits. Your child learns from your behavior, so reducing your screen time can positively influence theirs.
- Use tech wisely: If screen time is inevitable, choose high-quality, educational content that promotes language skills.
The study, a collaboration between the University of Adelaide, the University of Oxford, and the Menzies Health Institute at Griffith University, offers a timely reminder that screen time should be carefully managed during a child’s early years to prevent it from replacing essential opportunities for language development. You can read the full study in JAMA Pediatrics.